您的位置: 首页 » 法律资料网 » 法律法规 »

关于转发《国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于规范工程造价咨询行业管理的通知》的通知

时间:2024-07-13 11:23:01 来源: 法律资料网 作者:法律资料网 阅读:8240
下载地址: 点击此处下载

关于转发《国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于规范工程造价咨询行业管理的通知》的通知

建设部


关于转发《国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于规范工程造价咨询行业管理的通知》的通知



建标[2002]194号

各省、自治区建设厅,直辖市建委及有关部门,国务院有关部门:

  《国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于规范工程造价咨询行业管理的通知》(以下简称《通知》),已经国务院同意,现转发给你们,请认真贯彻落实。

  工程造价咨询是为建设项目工程造价的合理确定和有效控制提供客观、公正、合理的技术与管理的服务行业,它将在依法维护建设各方的合法经济权益,确保国家利益和社会公共利益不受侵害等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。

  我国工程造价咨询行业随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,从20世纪90年代开始逐步形成并发展起来,自1996年以来我部积极推行和建立了工程造价咨询单位资质管理制度,并会同人事部建立了造价工程师执业资格制度。近两年,在国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组的指导下,通过对工程造价咨询行业的清理整顿和脱钩改制,进一步确立了工程造价咨询行业的独立地位,促进了工程造价咨询业的快速和规范发展。按照中国加入WTO所做的承诺,我国工程造价咨询行业在五年过渡期内,允许外商设立合资、合作企业,过渡期后允许设立外商独资的工程造价咨询企业。工程造价咨询企业将面临严峻挑战。

  为了进一步规范工程造价咨询市场,促进工程造价咨询行业的健康发展,各省、自治区、直辖市建设行政管理部门和国务院有关部门要按《通知》要求,切实做好以下工作:

  一、加强政府监督,充分发挥工程造价行业协会的作用。按照《通知》精神,建设行政主管部门要建立统一开放竞争有序的建设市场环境,建立健全法规体系,制定行业发展规划和政策,加强执法监督,实行工程造价咨询单位资质管理和造价工程师注册的市场准入制度。行业协会要建立行业自律机制,担负起行业日常管理的职能。目前,有的地区或部门尚未明确工程造价行业协会在工程造价咨询行业日常管理工作中的职能;有些协会尚需进一步加强组织建设,提高业务水平和服务意识。各地区、各部门要积极创造条件,充分发挥工程造价行业协会在工程造价咨询行业管理中的作用;行业协会要进一步加强其自身建设。

  二、加强工程造价咨询机构的年检工作。资质年检是实行市场准入、清除制度的重要手段。各地区、各部门要高度重视工程造价咨询机构的年检工作,改变过去资质年检工作中“重准入,轻清除”的现象,引入竞争机制,进行动态管理,通过年检,清除不符合资质年检要求的工程造价咨询机构,维护建设市场秩序,提高工程造价咨询服务质量,不断促进工程造价咨询机构的自身建设。

  三、巩固工程造价咨询机构脱钩改制的成果。各地区、各部门在近期内,按《通知》中第三条的要求对其所辖(属)甲、乙级工程造价咨询机构进行一次抽查,并将结果于2002年10月底以前报我部标准定额司。

  四、打破封锁和垄断,建立全国统一的工程造价咨询市场。针对工程造价咨询服务市场上存在的行业垄断和地区与部门间封锁的问题,各地区、各部门要按《通知》要求,采取积极措施,年底前要进行一次认真的清理检查,对本部门、本地区确有阻碍市场开放和公平竞争的有关规定要进行修改,并将结果于2002年12月底以前报我部标准定额司。

中华人民共和国建设部

二○○二年七月十九日

国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于规范工程造价咨询行业管理的通知

国清[2002]6号

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:

  改革开放以来,工程造价咨询行业在社会主义市场经济中发挥了越来越重要的作用。但是,由于我国基建投资管理体制尚处于转型阶段,工程造价咨询行业还存在着“乱办、乱管、乱执业”等突出问题,严重影响了其作用的发挥。为了促进工程造价咨询行业的健康发展,根据《国务院办公厅关于清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构的通知》(国办发[1999]92号,以下简称《通知》)精神,按照清理目标和要求,经国务院同意,现将工程造价咨询行业规范管理的有关问题通知如下:

  一、建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的行业管理体制

  建设行政主管部门要按照《通知》精神和“法律规范、政府监督、行业自律”的模式,建立和完善行业管理体制,明确工程造价咨询行业的社会功能和地位,强化行业协会的组织机构和队伍建设,把行业的日常管理工作交由行业协会来完成。建设行政主管部门应积极转变职能,提高办事效率,支持行业协会建立行业自律机制,让行业协会切实肩负起行业管理的职能。

  二、加强行业制度建设,提高行业规范化管理水平

  建设行政主管部门和行业协会应会同有关部门,在现有制度基础上,按照清理整顿和规范管理的要求,尽快制定统一的行业职业准则、执业规则和收费标准;建立完备的考试和后续教育培训制度;完善行业管理的各项制度,加强资质管理;明确执业责任,加大监管力度,规范和约束从业人员的执业行为。

  三、各类执业机构要与挂靠单位脱钩,并分类进行规范化管理

  所有从事中介服务活动的工程造价咨询机构,都要按照《国务院办公厅转发国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组关于经济鉴证类社会中介机构与政府部门实行脱钩改制意见的通知》(国办发[2000]51号)精神,与其挂靠单位彻底脱钩,特别是专营工程造价咨询机构,一律要脱钩改制,转为独立的社会中介机构;其他兼营工程造价咨询业务的机构,除按建设行政主管部门的管理规定进行规范外,要接受行业自律组织的统一管理。要采取措施,打破工程造价咨询业务市场上的行业垄断和部门封锁。

国务院清理整顿经济鉴证类社会中介机构领导小组
二○○二年六月十四日


安乐死的立法历程及其合法化探究

石化东


内容提要:安乐死是一个争议已久的问题,一直困扰着理论界和司法界。长期以来,安乐死的合法性被世界各国所怀疑,尽管民间作了大量的努力,但成果不大。不过,安乐死的合法化作为一种价值选择的趋势,已逐渐为各国人们所接受。本文通过对安乐死的国内外立法历程、合法性争论和安乐死合法化的精神探源等几个方面的分析和论证后,认为我国应确立安乐死,但实行的时机并不成熟,尚需缓行,更要有严格限制。
关键词:安乐死 立法历程 合法化 精神探源 构想

安乐死(Euthanasia⑵)一语源自于希腊语“美丽的死”,又称安乐术,或称怜杀⑴(Mercy killing)。他意指对于死期迫在眼前而有难忍的、剧烈的身体痛苦而又患有不治之症的病人,应其真挚而恳切的要求,为了使其摆脱痛苦而采取人道的方法让其安然死去的行为。根据一般的安乐死分类方法,安乐死可分为积极安乐死和消极安乐死,还可以分为自愿安乐死、非自愿安乐死和无法知悉本人意愿的安乐死(如病人为婴儿或植物人等)。积极安乐死是指采用积极的措施去结束垂危病人弥留在痛苦之中的生命,具体做法是给病人注射毒剂或给服毒性药品等。消极安乐死是指停止对垂危病人的治疗措施,停止对病人的营养支持,尤其是指停止使用现代医学设备和手段抢救病人,让病人自行死亡,这种做法往往被认为更不人道。通常所讲的安乐死,主要指积极安乐死。
一、 国内外安乐死立法进程研究
1905年,由弗朗西斯·培根首创,英语中才有enthanasia这个词用以指代“安乐死”,但是,安乐死的观念和实践却历史悠久。在古斯巴达,人们即认为,不健康的婴儿可予处死,而留下安乐死的纪录。在古罗马和古希腊,杀死婴儿、自杀和各种安乐死行为更是广为人们接受。纵观各国安乐死立法的历程,最早出现的是1906年美国俄亥俄州的安乐死法案。30年后,英国于1936年成立了自愿安乐死协会,且于同年向英国国会提出了安乐死法案:要求人们签署一份申请书,申请者必须超出21周岁,患有伴随性严重疼痛的不可治疗的致命疾病。签署时需要有两个证明人在场,递交由卫生部任命的“安乐死审查人”审查。该年美国也发起成立了“自愿安乐死协会”,但由于有披着“合法杀人”外衣的嫌疑,遭到了民众的纷纷反对。1938年,希特勒借口实施安乐死,建立了安乐死中心,杀死20多万人,这使安乐死笼罩上恐怖的阴影,阻碍了安乐死的蓬勃发展。1939年至1976年美英等国均提出过安乐死法案,但均未获通过。直到1976年9月30日,加利福尼亚州州长签署了第一个《自然死亡法》⑶(加利福尼亚州健康安全法),规定“任何成年人可执行一个指令,旨在临终条件下中止维持生命的措施”。这是第一次使“生前遗嘱”这类书面文件具有法律的权威。是年,在日本东京举行了“国际安乐死的讨论会”,会议宣称要尊重人的“尊严的死”的权利。1993年2月9日荷兰参议院通过了关于“没有希望治愈的病人有权要求结束自己生命”的法案,成为世界上第一个通过安乐死立法的国家。这给一直处于低潮的安乐死运动注入了一支强心针,极大的推动了安乐死合法化运动的进一步发展。受此影响,澳大利亚北部地区于1995年也通过了类似的法案,但于半年后被废止。2001年荷兰上下两院以绝对优势通过了安乐死合法化的法案。为了避免滥用安乐死,造成非正常的死亡,法案本身规定了非常严格的条件:“首先,病人必须是成人,申请安乐死的病人必须自愿,而且必须是病人深思熟虑之后所作出的坚定不移的决定;其次,病人必须在无法忍受病痛的情况下才能申请安乐死;再次,病人所患疾病必须要经过两名医生的诊断,慎重的确定安乐死的方式。”⑷于是荷兰成为了当今世界上第一个将安乐死合法化的国家,安乐死运动在一国已彻底取得了胜利。最近,荷兰邻国比利时已开始制定有关允许实施“安乐死”的法律草案,西班牙也正在酝酿就此问题立法。
早在1987年,中国法学界、医学界和哲学界就开始了对安乐死问题的讨论(缘由是陕西汉中市的一家医院为一位女性肝硬化病人实施积极安乐死).,到目前为止,我国尚未对安乐死作太多的法律规定,只是仍将安乐死视为非法剥夺人的生存权利。在我国,合法剥夺他人生命的行为只有两种:一是由司法人员依法执行死刑;二是在符合正当防卫条件下的自卫杀人。但消极安乐死在我国被国人在文化心理和社会心理上所接受,并默许这种行为。虽然现在我国法学界、医学界的有关人士也在主张为积极安乐死立法,详细解释执行条件和步骤,但又因为安乐死所涉及的学术领域复杂,一时尚不能如愿地阐明。
二、安乐死基本理念之争
自安乐死出现始,其合法与否等问题就引起了极大的争论,理论上存在否认和赞成两种倾向。
否认安乐死的观点认为:人的生命具有绝对价值,“生命尊重之理念,是人类从事社会生活的基本要求。”现代社会伦理、典章制度,都是以此理念维系的。任何人都无权通过任何方式以任何理由来剥夺他人的生命。具体理由如下:(1)如承认安乐死的合法性则给他人的生命带来一种危机感,应和了“楔子理论”(“楔子理论”是台湾刑法理论界提出来的。他是指承认安乐死合法化可能引发非任意安乐死、杀人或大量虐杀的后遗症。),安乐死难避作为他人实施杀人工具的嫌疑,是违法行为合法化的外衣。(2)虽然现代科技有日新月异的发展,但医疗事故仍频频出现,医疗误诊也难以避免,这给安乐死对象(即病人是否身患绝症、是否临近死期)的确定造成了困难。如果承认安乐死,则有无端损害生命的隐患存在。(3)从医学发展的历史来看,没有永远根治不了的疾病,现在的不治之症,将来就可能被根治。而且,凡有顽症而避之,不符合科学的精神,不利于医学的发展。(4)救死扶伤是医生的基本职责。医生的职业道德要求其尽力去挽救人的生命,而不允许他们实施相反的行为。
而赞成者认为人有选择死亡的权利,在人实际上丧失继续生存的可能性时,结束其生命会带来良好的社会效应。理由如下:(1)人只要在不危及他人、社会和国家利益的前提下,结束自己的“残生”本身不是一件坏事,它有利于提高人的生命质量。安乐死是患有不治之症、临近死期、受尽痛苦的病人到达“生命彼岸”的优势性工具。(2)承认安乐死的合法性体现了对人的生命权(包括生存权和死亡权)的尊重。(3)救死扶伤虽为医德之要求,但当人们迫于伦理道德等方面的压力而竭力挽救一个痛苦难忍、无恢复之希望而自愿求死的人,实无多大的现实意义,这种做法丧失了相当的社会效益,必然会造成大量的人力、物力和财力资源的浪费,引致资源劣化配置,违背了市场经济条件下资源的配置原则。(4)建立一套科学的安乐死制度,做好肯定与否定的对象界定,分清罪与非罪的界限,即对安乐死行为予以褒扬,对故意杀人等犯罪予以严厉打击,有利于善良人性的张扬,维持社会秩序的稳定。
纵观两派关于安乐死的争论,主要围绕在生命神圣、至上观,个人独立价值观,同情论,本人同意论,关于医学新突破,危险先例论和功利观等方面,限于篇幅,本文不作详细介绍。
否定说片面宣扬安乐死的消极影响,抹煞了它的正面作用,忽视了社会的动态特征。而肯定说则过于强调安乐死的积极效应,看不到安乐死本身所固有的负面影响。对待安乐死应持既肯定又否定的扬弃态度,实行有保留的承认。
三、安乐死合法化的精神探源
尽管已有几个国家已明示或默示的方式认可了安乐死的事实,但反对的呼声仍是主流。在荷兰刚刚通过安乐死法案之后不久,俄、德、瑞典等国立即做出反应,表示反对安乐死合法化,而且在荷兰也发生过数起假借安乐死进行谋杀的案例。笔者认为,安乐死的合法化存在其独特的道德伦理基础、文化根底和精神渊源。
伦理是指处理人们之间相互关系应当遵循的道理和规则,是一种社会规范,它是对人生和社会生活的批判性反思。在当今社会,伦理道德的评价标准的外延不断扩大,生与死的社会价值也纳入到了伦理道德的整个评价标准体系。可以说:凡具有社会价值的死亡是符合道德的,不具有社会价值的死亡是不道德的。当然,这里所说的社会价值是积极的,纯粹意义上的,所谓的道德也是善的,因为“不是任何道德都具有积极的价值。反映反动统治阶级利益的道德,只具有伪价值。只有推动社会进步的道德,才具有真正的价值。”⑸“安乐死的实行首先是为了病人着想的,是为了生还无望已成为定向即将死去的人,而不是为还将活下去的人。一个健康、神志清醒的人,有选择死亡的自由,为什么一个身患绝症不能治愈的病人,就没有选择死亡的权利呢?这不公平。应该让身患绝症的病人有选择的自由,这是人的权利。”⑹基于这种思考,尊重人的趋死的合理选择,也就是维护人权。
实施安乐死存在坚实的道德基础。安乐死不是一个人在情绪冲击下的茫然行为,而是一个关涉道德、有充分理由的他灭性行为。死亡是一种必然,生存已失去了意义。严重的病情本身就是他怀疑生活意义的充分理由,病人选择安乐死,有效的维护了一种无价的价值。
在研究安乐死的合法形式时,我们有必要从社会学的角度进入“亚文化”和“主文化”两个概念.任何一国都存在“主文化”和“亚文化”,他们周延的代表了所有国民的价值观念。一个人亦或一些人的价值观念要么属于主文化,要么属于亚文化,不可能存在第三种倾向。因为社会大多数人总会产生一些共同的利益要求,沉淀成共同的善恶判断标准,从而造成在价值观念占主导地位的社会主文化群,基于主文化群的价值观念就会形成要求社会所有人必须接受的法律规范。而属于亚文化的价值观念相对于主流价值观念只能算是异类,它必须附和于主文化。据调查,上海对200位老人进行安乐死调查,赞成率为73%;北京市的500例问卷,赞成的有399人,占79.8%;河北职工医学院对保定市4001名工人、农民、干部和医务工作者进行调查,赞成安乐死的占61.59%⑺。
另外,在当今社会,随着科技的发展,人类文明的进化,人的思想意识发生了根本性的转变。当身患绝症、临近死期的患者,受到无比痛苦得折磨时,他真是生不如死,对于他实际上已失去了生活的原本意义,享受生活的真谛也无从谈起。这正好为安乐死的存在提供了精神支持。
四、安乐死的立法构想及结语
安乐死是一个涉及伦理、法律和医学等方面的一个非常复杂的问题。在当代社会,为制定政策和立法之目的,审视安乐死必须立足伦理,要围绕生命价值、个人自由和人权保障等来看待问题。讨论安乐死的最佳情景是国家经济、法制、医疗保障和公民的观念达到一定的发达水准,根本问题是病人的自由意志能够在物质和精神高度文明的基础上得到保障。从伦理上来讲,绝对禁止或全面开放安乐死均不可取,我国社会目前不具备讨论安乐死的理想条件,从立法上来讲,我们仍需创造条件。其中最为重要的是要严格规范安乐死使用的对象范围、主体范围、实施条件、申请程序、审查程序、操作程序,和明确擅自实行安乐死的刑事责任,不履行或不认真履行安乐死职责的刑事责任,并明确所要承担的民事责任。
其中以安乐死为例必须符合下列条件:(1)实施安乐死的对象必须是根据现代医学和技术断定已身患不治之症,并死期又迫在眼前的病患者;(2)实施安乐死的目的是为了减轻或消除病人的痛苦;(3)病人忍受的肉体痛苦,达到任何人都难以忍受的程度;(4)病人意思清楚并能表达自己的意识,必须有其本人真挚的嘱托和承诺,且该嘱托和承诺是在事前或行为当时作出。在病人无法表达时,近亲属及其他人不得代为请求,医生也不得主动实施;(5)除安乐死外,无其他可供选择的方法来减轻或消除痛苦;(6)应由医生实施,其他人无权实施,且实施安乐死必须有三名医生研究同意,在经主治医生批准;(7)实施安乐死的方法必须合乎伦理而且被认为是妥当的。




注释:
(1)怜杀是美国刑法界对安乐死的别称.参见储怀植著:《美国刑法》(第二版),北京大学出版社1996年版,第132页。
(2)参见David S.Oderberg,Applied Ethics(Oxford: Blackwell Pulishers Ltd )(2000),p48。
(3)该法案又称为《死亡权利法》,其允许个人在一项文件上签署,表明于死亡迫在眼前的情况下,可授权医生采取停止延续生命的措施。
(4)引自《环球时报》2001年4月17日第17版。
(5)李连科著:《价值哲学论》,商务印书馆1999年2月版,第246页。
(6)(7)欧阳涛:“安乐死的现状与立法”,载《法制与社会发展》1996年第5期。



MERCHANT SHIPPING (REGISTRATION) ORDINANCE

Hong Kong


MERCHANT SHIPPING (REGISTRATION) ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 415)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion.
  
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  pplication of Ordinance to certain structures, etc.
  
  II    ADMINISTRATION
  egistrar of Ships
  nstructions
  rotection of public officers
  
  III   THE REGISTER
  egister of ships
  nspection, etc. of register
  ectification of register
  Correction of clerical errors in register
  
  IV    REGISTRATION OF SHIPS
  
  strable ships and interests
  Registrable ships
  Registration of property in ships
  
  urement and identification of ships
  Tonnage regulations
  Tonnage and description of ships
  Tonnage of ships registered, etc. outside Hong Kong
  Ship names regulations
  Rules as to ship names
  Marking of ship
  
  stration procedures
  Application for registration
  Declarations by and on behalf of owners and demise charterers
  Evidence on first registration
  Refusal of registration
  Entry of particulars in the register
  Certificate of registry
  Retention of documents
  Port of registry
  
  isional registration
  Application for provisional registration
  Entry of particulars in the register on provisional registration
  Period of provisional registration
  Certificate of provisional registration
  Retention of documents on provisional registration
  Application of Ordinance in relation to ships provisionally
registered
  
  etc. of certificates and flags
  Custody of certificate
  Use of improper certificate
  Replacement of lost, etc. certificate
  Application of preceding sections to certificate of provisional
  registry
  Proper colours
  
  V    TRANSFERS AND TRANSMISSIONS
  Application and interpretation of Part V
  Transfer of ships
  Declaration of transfer
  Registration of transfer
  Transmission of ship by operation of law
  
  VI    MORTGAGES
  Definitions in Part VI
  Mortgage of ship
  Priority of mortgages, etc.
  Mortgagee not treated as owner
  Mortgagee to have power of disposal
  Transfer of mortgage
  Transmission of mortgage by operation of law
  Discharge of mortgage
  Power of disposal by owner
  Trusts not recognized
  Equities not excluded
  
  VII   CLOSURE OF REGISTRATION
  
  es of owners, etc. in relation to registrability of ships
  Notice of change of address, etc. of owner
  Notice of dissolution, etc. of body corporate owner or charterer
  Notice of termination of demise charter
  Notice of loss, transfer, etc. of ship
  Delivery of foreign certificate of deletion
  
  ure of registration
  Owner seeking closure of registration
  Closure on receipt of notice concerning registrability
  Closure on failure to comply with requirements of Ordinance
  Closure on failure to pay fees or charges
  Closure on failure of representative person to act, etc.
  Closure by direction generally
  Issue of certificate of deletion
  Delivery of certificate of registry on closure
  Register entries relating to mortgages
  
  VIII   REPRESENTATIVE PERSONS
  Representative person
  Notice of change of business by representative person
  Notice of intention to cease acting
  Duties, etc. of representative person
  Notice to replace representative person
  
  IX    GOVERNMENT SHIPS
  Meaning of "Government ship"
  Registrability of Government ships
  Application for registration of Government ship
  Entry of particulars of Government ship in the register
  Certificate of registry of Government ship
  Retention of documents relating to Government ship
  Transfer of registered Government ship
  Application of Ordinance to Government ships
  
  X    MISCELLANEOUS
  Alterations to ships
  Registration a new
  Grant of new certificate of registry
  Mode of making declarations
  Power of Registrar to dispense with declarations, etc.
  False declarations or information
  Documents, copies and admissibility in evidence
  Service of documents
  Taking detained ship to sea
  Fees and charges regulations
  References to ship registered in Hong Kong
  Amendment of Schedules
  Time limit for criminal proceedings
  
  XI    TRANSITIONAL SHIPS
  Interpretation of Part XI
  Ships registered under the Act
  Ships not yet registered under the Act
  Entry of particulars in respect of transitional ships
  Certificate of registry for transitional ships
  Retention of documents for transitional ships
  Return of certificates issued under the Act
  Transitional ship ceasing to be registrable
  Application of Ordinance to transitional ships
  
  XII   CONSEQUENTIAL AND SAVINGS PROVISIONS
  Application of Merchant Shipping Acts
  Savings, amendments and repeals
  
  dule 1. Proper colours of a registered ship
  dule 2. Specified Ordinances
  dule 3. Application of Ordinance to Government ships
  dule 4. Application of Ordinance to transitional ships
  dule 5. Amendments and repeals
  
  rdinance to provide for the registration of ships in Hong Kong
and for
  ted matters.
  ecember 1990] L. N. 366 of 1990
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping 
(Registration)
  nance.
  
  nterpretation
  In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires-
  horized surveyor" means a surveyor appointed by a Certifying
Authority
  rred to in section 13 for the purposes of the tonnage regulations;
  lder's certificate" in relation to a ship, means a certificate 
signed
  he builder of the ship and containing a true account of-
  the proper denomination and tonnage of the ship, as estimated by
him;
  the date when and place where the ship was built; and
  the name of the person on whose account the ship was built;
  tificate of deletion" means a certificate of deletion issued 
under
  ion 65; "certificate of provisional registry" means a 
certificate of
  isional registry granted under section 30 and a new 
certificate of
  isional registry granted under section 35;
  tificate of registry" means a certificate of registry granted 
under
  ion 24, 77 or 98 and a new certificate of registry granted 
under
  ion 35 or 83; "certificate of survey" means a certificate 
granted by
  uthorized surveyor under section 14;
  tificate or declaration of marking", in relation to a ship, means-
  a certificate signed by an authorized surveyor; or
  a declaration made in Hong Kong by one or more of the owners or
by the
  se charterer of the ship,
  ifying or declaring, as the case may be, that the ship's name and
port
  egistry have been marked as directed by the Registrar;
  mencement date" means the date appointed by the Governor under
section
  ) for the coming into operation of this Ordinance;
  ise charter" means a charter party by which a ship is chartered
or let
  emise and under which the demise charterer has the possession of 
the
  and has sole control of all matters relating to the navigation 
and
  ation of the ship including employment of the master and crew;
"demise
  terer" means the charterer of a ship under a demise charter, 
and in
  tion to a registered or provisionally registered ship means a 
person
  stered as demise charterer under this Ordinance;
  ector" means the Director of Marine;
  eign certificate of deletion", in relation to a ship, 
means a
  ificate or other document issued by the relevant authority of a 
place
  ide Hong Kong and certifying or stating, as the case may be, to 
the
  ct that the ship has been deleted from the register of ships in 
that
  e;
  ernment" means the Government of Hong Kong;
  ntity card", in relation to any person, means an identity card 
issued
  hat person under the Registration of Persons Ordinance (Cap.
177);
  tructions" means administrative instructions issued by the 
Director
  r section 5; "lodged" means delivered to and accepted by the
Registrar
  ccordance with this Ordinance;
  ter" includes every person (except a pilot) having command or 
charge
  ny ship;
  er", in relation to a registered or provisionally registered 
ship,
  s a person registered as owner under this Ordinance; 
"provisionally
  stered", in relation to a ship, means provisionally registered 
under
  ion 28;
  
  lified person" has the meaning assigned to it by section 11 (4);
  ister" means the register of ships kept under section 7;
  istered", in relation to a ship, means registered 
under  this
  nance;
  istrable", in relation to a ship, means able to be registered 
under
  Ordinance;
  Registrar" means any person appointed as a Registrar of Ships 
under
  ion 4 (1) and, where the term is used in connection with a power 
or
  tion for the time being exercised by the Director pursuant to 
section
  ), includes the Director;
  resentative person", in relation to a ship, means the 
representative
  on for the time being appointed in relation to the ship under 
section
  
  p" means, subject to section 3, every description of vessel
capable of
  gating in water not propelled by oars, and includes any ship, boat 
or
  t and an air-cushion vehicle or similar craft used wholly or
partly in
  gation in water; "tonnage regulations" means regulations as 
to the
  age of ships made under section 13.
  Where in relation to a ship or to any matter connected with a ship
any
  ision of this Ordinance-
  imposes a duty or liability on either of the owner or demise
charterer
  he ship; or
  provides for the service of notice on either of the owner or 
demise
  terer of the ship, the provision shall be construed as imposing 
the
  or liability or providing for the service of notice-
  in the case of a ship registered or to be registered by 
virtue of
  ion 11 (1) (a), on the owner; or
  in the case of a ship registered or to be registered by virtue 
of
  ion 11 (1) (b), on the demise charterer, but nothing 
in this
  ection shall prejudice or affect the operation of that provision
in so
  as it imposes the duty or liability, or provides for the 
service of
  ce, as the case may be, on any person other than the owner or 
demise
  terer.
  pplication of Ordinance to certain structures, etc.
  Director may by notice published in the Gazette provide that a 
thing
  gned or adapted for use at sea and described in the notice is 
or is
  to be treated as a ship for the purpose of any provision of 
this
  nance specified in the notice, and any such notice may-
  make different provision in relation to different occasions; and
  if it provides that a thing is to be treated as a ship for the
purpose
  provision specified in the notice, provide that the provision 
shall
  effect in relation to the craft with such modifications as 
are so
  ified.
 PART II ADMINISTRATION
  
  egistrar of Ships
  The Director shall in writing appoint one or more public 
officers to
  egistrars of Ships.
  The Registrar shall have such powers, functions and duties 
as are
  erred or imposed upon him by this Ordinance or any other law.
  Without prejudice to subsection (2), the Director shall have and 
may
  cise the powers and functions of the Registrar referred to in 
that
  ection.
  nstructions
  The Director may issue to the Registrar and to other public 
officers
  administrative instructions not inconsistent with this 
Ordinance as
  appear to him to be necessary or expedient for the better carrying
out
  he provisions of this Ordinance.
  The Director shall publish such instructions in such manner as
he sees
  
  Where in this Ordinance there is reference to a specified 
form or
  er-
  that form or manner may be specified by the Director in 
instructions;
  
  if the instructions so provide, deviations from the specified
form or
  er not affecting the substance thereof shall not invalidate that 
form
  anner.
  The Registrar and any other public officer shall comply 
with any
  ructions issued to him.
  rotection of public officers
  No public officer shall be personally liable for any damage,
injury or
  suffered or incurred by any person as a result of any act done 
or
  sion made by the public officer in good faith in the 
exercise or
  ormance or purported exercise or performance of any power,
function or
  under this Ordinance.
  The protection conferred on public officers by subsection 
(1) in
  ect of any act or omission shall not in any way affect any 
liability
  he Crown in tort for that act or omission.
 PART III THE REGISTER
  
  egister of ships
  The Registrar shall keep a register of ships 
registered  or
  isionally registered under this Ordinance.
  The register shall contain such particulars in respect of 
ships,
  rs and their respective interests in ships, demise 
charterers,
  gagees and representative persons as are prescribed.
  The register may be kept in legible or non-legible form but if
kept in
  legible form any entry in the register shall be capable of 
being
  oduced in legible form.
  
  nspection, etc. of register
  person may, on payment of the prescribed fee-
  inspect the register in legible form;
  require to be furnished with a copy of, or extract from, any entry 
in
  register in legible form; or
  require such copy or extract to be certified as a true copy by 
or on
  lf of the Registrar.
  ectification of register
  Where it appears to any person interested that there is a 
material
  r in the register, he may apply in writing to the 
Director for
  ification of the register.
  Upon receipt of an application under subsection (1) the Director 
may,
  n his opinion there is a material error in the register-
  direct the Registrar to rectify the register; or
  subject to subsection (3), require the applicant to apply to the 
High
  t for rectification of the register.
  Subsection (2) (b) shall not apply in any case where, in the 
opinion
  he Director, the material error is due to the negligence or wilful
act
  mission of the Registrar.
  Notice of an application to the High Court under this 
section for
  ification shall be served by the applicant on the Director 
and the
  ctor may appear and be heard in the proceedings.
  The High Court may, in proceedings under this section-
  make such order as it thinks fit concerning the rectification of 
the
  ster; and
  decide any question that it is necessary or expedient to 
decide
  erning such rectification.
  A copy of an order under subsection (5) shall be served 
on the
  ctor and the Registrar.
  The Registrar shall-
  comply with any direction to rectify the register under
subsection (2)
  
  upon receipt of the copy of an order served under subsection (6), 
and
  he order so requires, rectify the register accordingly.
  For the purposes of this section-
  there is a material error in the register if there is an error
of fact
  ubstance in the register;
  without limiting the generality of paragraph (a), there is a 
material
  r in the register if-
  an entry is omitted from the register;
  an entry is made in the register without sufficient cause;
  ) an entry wrongly exists in the register; or
  there is an error or defect in an entry in the register; and
  the reference in paragraph (b) (i) to an entry omitted 
from the
  ster shall be read as including a reference to a matter 
that is
  ired or permitted by this Ordinance to be entered, or to remain, 
in
  register but is not entered in, or is removed from, the register.
  The jurisdiction of the High Court under this section may be
exercised
  he Registrar of the Supreme Court or a Master thereof.
  Correction of clerical errors in register
  Registrar may correct, or cause to be corrected, any clerical
error or
  ous mistake in the register.
 PART IV REGISTRATION OF SHIPS
  
 Registrable ships and interests
  
  Registrable ships
  Subject to this Ordinance, a ship is registrable if-
  a majority interest in the ship is owned by one or more 
qualified
  ons; or
  the ship is operated under a demise charter by a body corporate 
being
  alified person (whether or not a majority interest in the 
ship is
  d by one or more qualified persons), and a representative 
person is
  inted in relation to the ship.
  A registered ship ceases to be registrable if-
  being a ship registered by virtue of subsection (1) (a), a 
majority
  rest in the ship ceases to be owned by one or more qualified
persons;
  being a ship registered by virtue of subsection (1) (b)--
  the ship ceases to be operated under a demise charter by 
a body
  orate being a qualified person (whether by reason of the 
termination
  he demise charter or otherwise);
  the ship or any share in or part of the ship is 
transferred or
  smitted; or
  ) the rights of the demise charterer under the demise 
charter are
  gned;
  the ship is taken in war or hostilities, as a result of which 
the
  r or demise charterer has lost control over the operation of the
ship;

不分页显示   总共7页  1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

  下一页